[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/atomy-v-medicine\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/atomy-v-medicine\/","headline":"Atomy v medic\u00edn\u011b","name":"Atomy v medic\u00edn\u011b","description":"Nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edna je pom\u011brn\u011b mlad\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed, ale za to m\u00e1 slibnou budoucnost a zaj\u00edmavou minulost. Nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edna je ur\u010dena velmi \u010dasto k\u00a0diagnostice r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, ale…","datePublished":"2023-08-22","dateModified":"2024-02-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ae18345300f35922a2a7b2caa17564b68acab8514eff939a8a019efde378c24?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ae18345300f35922a2a7b2caa17564b68acab8514eff939a8a019efde378c24?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"kaveko.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art485569_3x2_20260927_004643_ifF8sV.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art485569_3x2_20260927_004643_ifF8sV.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/atomy-v-medicine\/","about":["Zdrav\u00ed"],"wordCount":384,"articleBody":"\tNukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edna je pom\u011brn\u011b mlad\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed, ale za to m\u00e1 slibnou budoucnost a zaj\u00edmavou minulost. Nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edna je ur\u010dena velmi \u010dasto k\u00a0diagnostice r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, ale krom\u011b toho se m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat tak\u00e9 pro terapii. Nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edna pracuje radionuklidy. To jsou atomy, u kter\u00fdch doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0j\u00e1d\u0159e nebo obalu ke zm\u011bn\u011b, kter\u00e1 vede ke vzniku speci\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Tato z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed rozd\u011blujeme na alfa, beta pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed a posledn\u00ed je gama. Alfa z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je proud heliov\u00fdch jader. To jsou pom\u011brn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0lidsk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch nedolet\u00ed daleko. T\u00edm, \u017ee neproniknou tk\u00e1n\u011bmi, se nehod\u00ed pro diagnostiku, kdy mus\u00edme \u010d\u00e1stice r\u016fzn\u00fdch z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed detekovat speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi kamerami mimo t\u011blo pacienta. \tNa druhou stranou se d\u00e1 s\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edt pro terapii, ale tak\u00e9 omezen\u011b. Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed tohoto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je natolik velk\u00e9, \u017ee ani person\u00e1l okolo pacienta by nebyl v\u00a0bezpe\u010d\u00ed, a nav\u00edc by toto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavovalo nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed pro pacienta po vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed. Beta negativn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je moment, kdy z\u00a0atomu vyl\u00e9taj\u00ed elektrony. P\u0159itom se v\u00a0j\u00e1d\u0159e atom\u016f p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed neutrony na protony a na pr\u00e1v\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 elektrony. Toto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se docela dob\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro diagnostiku. Je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed je ale beta pozitivn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00a0tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyl\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0atomu pozitrony. \tTyto \u010d\u00e1stice jsou schopn\u00e9 reagovat s\u00a0elektrony okoln\u00edch atom\u016f. Tomuto jevu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 anihilace. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b obou \u010d\u00e1stic na fotony (kvanta energie), kter\u00e9 let\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159esn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru. Tyto opa\u010dn\u011b let\u00edc\u00ed energie jsme my schopni zachytit pomoc\u00ed kamer, kter\u00e9 jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny okolo pacienta. Gama z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jsou op\u011bt let\u00edc\u00ed fotony, ov\u0161em tentokr\u00e1t nepoch\u00e1z\u00ed ze sr\u00e1\u017eky elektronu a pozitronu, ale z\u00a0p\u0159echodu excitovan\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho energetick\u00e9ho stavu. Tyto fotony mohou m\u00edt velmi vysokou energii, co\u017e je op\u011bt v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro terapii, ale nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro okoln\u00ed person\u00e1l, ale i pro samotn\u00e9ho pacienta.\t                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5\/5 - (1 vote)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Atomy v medic\u00edn\u011b","item":"https:\/\/www.kaveko.cz\/atomy-v-medicine\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]